Debian Build Release Stage

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DART-MX8M - Debian Bullseye 11 with 5.4-2.1.x-imx_var01 Linux release


Overview

This page describes how to build and install Debian Bullseye on Variscite boards with DART-MX8M.

Note: Please note that the build script is based on debootstrap. As described in the following instructions, it's kindly suggested to create the build folder on the main Ubuntu volume on your host PC rather than an external media.

Using an external media, although automatically mounted, will cause debootstrap to complain about access rights (even when running the script with sudo).

Setup Development Environment

Please refer to the page Debian Development Environment to learn how to set up a suitable development environment.

Installing required packages

Please make sure your host PC, running a suitable Ubuntu, is up to date: 

$ sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

Then, install the following packages: 

$ sudo apt-get install binfmt-support qemu qemu-user-static debootstrap kpartx \
lvm2 dosfstools gpart binutils bison git lib32ncurses5-dev libssl-dev python-m2crypto gawk wget \
git-core diffstat unzip texinfo gcc-multilib build-essential chrpath socat libsdl1.2-dev \
autoconf libtool libglib2.0-dev libarchive-dev python-git xterm sed cvs subversion \
kmod coreutils texi2html bc docbook-utils python-pysqlite2 help2man make gcc g++ \
desktop-file-utils libgl1-mesa-dev libglu1-mesa-dev mercurial automake groff curl \
lzop asciidoc u-boot-tools mtd-utils device-tree-compiler flex cmake


While installing the packages, using Ubuntu 20.04, users may receive the warning 

Package python-git is not available, ...

Since the package is only available in up to Ubuntu 18.04, just ignore it and run: 

$ sudo apt-get install python3-git python3-m2crypto

Note: If you are using Ubuntu 20.04 the QEMU package must be updated to latest version (>= 1:4.2-3ubuntu6.19).
To check the currently installed version of the qemu-user-static package on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS, use the below command:

$ apt list qemu-user-static


Note: Variscite provides Docker containers that can be used for a development environment as an alternative to a virtual machine or a dedicated computer. To learn more, please see Variscite's Docker Build Environment guide.

Download Debian Bullseye

Download archive containing the build script and support files for building Debian Bullseye for this board. 

$ mkdir ~/debian_imx8mq-var-dart_debian_bullseye
$ cd ~/debian_imx8mq-var-dart_debian_bullseye

Now, choose between downloading a release tag, and downloading the latest revision (recommended) and follow only one of the next two bullet sections, accordingly:

  • Download the latest revision:
$ git clone https://github.com/varigit/debian-var.git -b debian_bullseye_var01

or

  • Download a release tag:

Each release in https://github.com/varigit/debian-var/releases corresponds to a tag.
One can find a list of all available tags in https://github.com/varigit/debian-var/tags.
To target a specific release/tag, run the following: 

$ git clone https://github.com/varigit/debian-var.git -b refs/tags/<TAG_NAME>

For example:
$ git clone https://github.com/varigit/debian-var.git -b refs/tags/mx8m-debian-bullseye-5.4-2.1.x-v1.4

Setup and build Debian

Distro features

The build script supports the disabling of some distro featues (pre-defined package groups), such like:

Feature build script variable
Full graphics and GPU SDK G_DEBIAN_DISTRO_FEATURE_GRAPHICS
Multimedia G_DEBIAN_DISTRO_FEATURE_MM
Machine learning G_DEBIAN_DISTRO_FEATURE_ML

The features can be controlled by their associated configuration variable, which is found in the machine-specific file ~/debian_imx8mq-var-dart_debian_bullseye/variscite/imx8m-var-dart/imx8m-var-dart.sh. By default, all features are enabled.

Note: This might be useful to create a suitable rootfs footprint to your needs. For example, to create a console-only image, the feature 'G_DEBIAN_DISTRO_FEATURE_GRAPHICS' might be disabled accordingly.

Deploy sources

Before invoking the very first build, one need to use the deploy command to download all necessary sources required for the Debian build. 

$ cd ~/debian_imx8mq-var-dart_debian_bullseye
$ MACHINE=imx8mq-var-dart ./var_make_debian.sh -c deploy

Build all

$ cd ~/debian_imx8mq-var-dart_debian_bullseye
$ sudo MACHINE=imx8mq-var-dart ./var_make_debian.sh -c all |& tee build.log
Warning: Internet connection should be available!

Build by parts

Build bootloader

$ cd ~/debian_imx8mq-var-dart_debian_bullseye
$ sudo MACHINE=imx8mq-var-dart ./var_make_debian.sh -c bootloader

Build kernel, dtb files and kernel modules

$ cd ~/debian_imx8mq-var-dart_debian_bullseye
$ sudo MACHINE=imx8mq-var-dart ./var_make_debian.sh -c kernel
$ sudo MACHINE=imx8mq-var-dart ./var_make_debian.sh -c modules

Build rootfs

$ cd ~/debian_imx8mq-var-dart_debian_bullseye
$ sudo MACHINE=imx8mq-var-dart ./var_make_debian.sh -c rootfs
Warning: Internet connection should be available!

Pack rootfs

To create the root file system archive (rootfs.tar.gz), run the following commands: 

$ cd ~/debian_imx8mq-var-dart_debian_bullseye
$ sudo MACHINE=imx8mq-var-dart ./var_make_debian.sh -c rtar


Create boot SD card

  1. Follow the above steps for make rootfs, kernel, bootloader;
  2. Insert the SD card to card reader connected to a host system;
  3. Run the following commands (Caution! All data on the card will be destroyed):
$ cd ~/debian_imx8mq-var-dart_debian_bullseye
$ sudo MACHINE=imx8mq-var-dart ./var_make_debian.sh -c sdcard -d /dev/sdX


where '/dev/sdX' path to the block SD device in your system.

Create a boot SD card image using a loop device

It is also possible to use the "MACHINE=imx8mq-var-dart ./var_make_debian.sh" script to create a boot SD card image, while using a loop device instead of attaching a real SD card.

Create an empty file using the following command: 

$ dd if=/dev/zero of=imx8m-var-dart-debian-sd.img bs=1M count=3720

The above command creates a 3720MiB file representing the SD card.

Attach the first available loop device to this file: 

$ sudo losetup -Pf imx8m-var-dart-debian-sd.img

To find the actual loop device being used, run: 

$ losetup -a | grep imx8m-var-dart-debian-sd.img

Write the content to the loop device to generate the SD card image: 

$ sudo MACHINE=imx8mq-var-dart ./var_make_debian.sh -c sdcard -d /dev/loopX

(Replace /dev/loopX with your actual loop device, e.g. /dev/loop0)

Detach the loop device from the file: 

$ sudo losetup -d /dev/loopX

To compress the SD card image file use the following command: 

$ gzip -9 imx8m-var-dart-debian-sd.img

To write the SD card image to a real SD card device use the following command: 

$ zcat imx8m-var-dart-debian-sd.img.gz | sudo dd of=/dev/sdX bs=1M && sync

(Replace /dev/sdX with your actual SD device, e.g. /dev/sdb)

Boot the board with a bootable SD card

Note: The WiFi is not operational when booting from SD card, as the WiFi and SD card are using the same SDIO interface.
A typical use-case is to boot from an SD card, flash the eMMC, and re-boot from the eMMC to have the WiFi operational.

Setting the Boot Mode

Make sure the BOOT SELECT DIP switch on the carrier board is set correctly before you power on the board. 

SW7
 0 : Boot from SD card
 1 : Boot from eMMC


Automatic device tree selection in U-Boot

As shown in the Build Results table above, we have different kernel device trees, corresponding to our different H/W configurations (sometimes they are renamed without the "zImage-" prefix).

We implemented a script in U-Boot's environment, which sets the fdt_file environment variable based on the detected hardware.

Enable/Disable Automatic Device Tree selection

To enable the automatic device tree selection in U-Boot (already enabled by default): 

$ setenv fdt_file undefined
$ saveenv

To disable the automatic device tree selection in U-Boot, set the device tree file manually: 

$ setenv fdt_file YOUR_DTB_FILE
$ saveenv


Build Results

The resulted images are located in ~/debian_imx8mq-var-dart_debian_bullseye/output/.

Image name
 How to use
rootfs.tar.gz Root filesystem tarball used for installation on SD card and eMMC
Image.gz Linux kernel image
imx-boot-sd.bin U-Boot built for SD card and eMMC
imx-boot-sd-dp.bin U-Boot built for SD card and eMMC with DP firmware
kernel-headers kernel headers folder for package creation
Device Tree name
 Details
imx8mq-var-dart-dt8mcustomboard-sd-hdmi.dtb DTB for DART-MX8M on DT8MCustomBoard V2.x with SD card and HDMI display.
imx8mq-var-dart-dt8mcustomboard-sd-lvds.dtb DTB for DART-MX8M on DT8MCustomBoard V2.x with SD card and LVDS display.
imx8mq-var-dart-dt8mcustomboard-sd-lvds-hdmi.dtb DTB for DART-MX8M on DT8MCustomBoard V2.x with SD card and dual LVDS+HDMI display.
imx8mq-var-dart-dt8mcustomboard-wifi-hdmi.dtb DTB for DART-MX8M on DT8MCustomBoard V2.x with WIFI and HDMI display.
imx8mq-var-dart-dt8mcustomboard-wifi-lvds.dtb DTB for DART-MX8M on DT8MCustomBoard V2.x with WIFI and LVDS display.
imx8mq-var-dart-dt8mcustomboard-wifi-lvds-hdmi.dtb DTB for DART-MX8M on DT8MCustomBoard V2.x with WIFI and dual LVDS+HDMI display.
imx8mq-var-dart-dt8mcustomboard-m4-sd-hdmi.dtb DTB for DART-MX8M on DT8MCustomBoard V2.x with M4, SD card and HDMI display.
imx8mq-var-dart-dt8mcustomboard-m4-sd-lvds.dtb DTB for DART-MX8M on DT8MCustomBoard V2.x with M4, SD card and LVDS display.
imx8mq-var-dart-dt8mcustomboard-m4-sd-lvds-hdmi.dtb DTB for DART-MX8M on DT8MCustomBoard V2.x with M4, SD card and dual LVDS+HDMI display.
imx8mq-var-dart-dt8mcustomboard-m4-wifi-hdmi.dtb DTB for DART-MX8M on DT8MCustomBoard V2.x with M4, WIFI and HDMI display.
imx8mq-var-dart-dt8mcustomboard-m4-wifi-lvds.dtb DTB for DART-MX8M on DT8MCustomBoard V2.x with M4, WIFI and LVDS display.
imx8mq-var-dart-dt8mcustomboard-m4-wifi-lvds-hdmi.dtb DTB for DART-MX8M on DT8MCustomBoard V2.x with M4, WIFI and dual LVDS+HDMI display.
imx8mq-var-dart-dt8mcustomboard-sd-dp.dtb DTB for DART-MX8M on DT8MCustomBoard V1.3/V1.4 with SD card and DP display.
imx8mq-var-dart-dt8mcustomboard-sd-hdmi.dtb DTB for DART-MX8M on DT8MCustomBoard V1.3/V1.4 with SD card and HDMI display.
imx8mq-var-dart-dt8mcustomboard-sd-lvds.dtb DTB for DART-MX8M on DT8MCustomBoard V1.3/V1.4 with SD card and LVDS display.
imx8mq-var-dart-dt8mcustomboard-sd-lvds-dp.dtb DTB for DART-MX8M on DT8MCustomBoard V1.3/V1.4 with SD card and dual LVDS+DP display.
imx8mq-var-dart-dt8mcustomboard-sd-lvds-hdmi.dtb DTB for DART-MX8M on DT8MCustomBoard V1.3/V1.4 with SD card and dual LVDS+HDMI display.
imx8mq-var-dart-dt8mcustomboard-wifi-dp.dtb DTB for DART-MX8M on DT8MCustomBoard V1.3/V1.4 with WIFI and DP display.
imx8mq-var-dart-dt8mcustomboard-wifi-hdmi.dtb DTB for DART-MX8M on DT8MCustomBoard V1.3/V1.4 with WIFI and HDMI display.
imx8mq-var-dart-dt8mcustomboard-wifi-lvds.dtb DTB for DART-MX8M on DT8MCustomBoard V1.3/V1.4 with WIFI and LVDS display.
imx8mq-var-dart-dt8mcustomboard-wifi-lvds-dp.dtb DTB for DART-MX8M on DT8MCustomBoard V1.3/V1.4 with WIFI and dual LVDS+DP display.
imx8mq-var-dart-dt8mcustomboard-wifi-lvds-hdmi.dtb DTB for DART-MX8M on DT8MCustomBoard V1.3/V1.4 with WIFI and dual LVDS+HDMI display.
imx8mq-var-dart-dt8mcustomboard-m4-sd-dp.dtb DTB for DART-MX8M on DT8MCustomBoard V1.3/V1.4 with M4, SD card and DP display.
imx8mq-var-dart-dt8mcustomboard-m4-sd-hdmi.dtb DTB for DART-MX8M on DT8MCustomBoard V1.3/V1.4 with M4, SD card and HDMI display.
imx8mq-var-dart-dt8mcustomboard-m4-sd-lvds.dtb DTB for DART-MX8M on DT8MCustomBoard V1.3/V1.4 with M4, SD card and LVDS display.
imx8mq-var-dart-dt8mcustomboard-m4-sd-lvds-dp.dtb DTB for DART-MX8M on DT8MCustomBoard V1.3/V1.4 with M4, SD card and dual LVDS+DP display.
imx8mq-var-dart-dt8mcustomboard-m4-sd-lvds-hdmi.dtb DTB for DART-MX8M on DT8MCustomBoard V1.3/V1.4 with M4, SD card and dual LVDS+HDMI display.
imx8mq-var-dart-dt8mcustomboard-m4-wifi-dp.dtb DTB for DART-MX8M on DT8MCustomBoard V1.3/V1.4 with M4, WIFI and DP display.
imx8mq-var-dart-dt8mcustomboard-m4-wifi-hdmi.dtb DTB for DART-MX8M on DT8MCustomBoard V1.3/V1.4 with M4, WIFI and HDMI display.
imx8mq-var-dart-dt8mcustomboard-m4-wifi-lvds.dtb DTB for DART-MX8M on DT8MCustomBoard V1.3/V1.4 with M4, WIFI and LVDS display.
imx8mq-var-dart-dt8mcustomboard-m4-wifi-lvds-dp.dtb DTB for DART-MX8M on DT8MCustomBoard V1.3/V1.4 with M4, WIFI and dual LVDS+DP display.
imx8mq-var-dart-dt8mcustomboard-m4-wifi-lvds-hdmi.dtb DTB for DART-MX8M on DT8MCustomBoard V1.3/V1.4 with M4, WIFI and dual LVDS+HDMI display.


Linux console access

User name User password User descriptor
root root system administrator
user user local user
x_user used for X session access

Please note: Vivante libraies for this release do not support X11, only weston backend is provided

Flash images to eMMC

To install Debian to the on-SOM eMMC, run the following command as root: 

# install_debian.sh -d <lvds|hdmi|dp|dual-display>

where the "-d" option set display type, default is lvds. The above script is located in /usr/sbin in the rootfs of the SD card used to boot Debian.

How-to: Test and use an interface

Please see this section in the Yocto developer guide page. It is the same for Debian.

How-to: Modify the kernel configuration

To modify the kernel configuration (add/remove features and drivers) please follow the steps below: 

1. $ cd ~/debian_imx8mq-var-dart_debian_bullseye/src/kernel
2. $ sudo make ARCH=arm64 mrproper
3. $ sudo make ARCH=arm64 imx8mq_var_dart_defconfig
4. $ sudo make ARCH=arm64 menuconfig
5. Navigate the menu and select the desired kernel functionality
6. Exit the menu and answer "Yes" when asked "Do you wish to save your new configuration?"
7. $ sudo make ARCH=arm64 savedefconfig
8. $ sudo cp arch/arm64/configs/imx8mq_var_dart_defconfig arch/arm64/configs/imx8mq_var_dart_defconfig.orig
9. $ sudo cp defconfig arch/arm64/configs/imx8mq_var_dart_defconfig
10. Follow the instructions above to rebuild kernel and modules, repack rootfs images and recreate SD card

How-to: Build and install a custom device tree

To build and install a custom device tree, add the filename to G_LINUX_DTB in https://github.com/varigit/debian-var/blob/debian_bullseye_var01/variscite/imx8m-var-dart/imx8m-var-dart.sh

Upgrading Debian Packages

To update the packages either at runtime or build time, refer to Upgrading Debian Packages

Build a sample C "Hello, world!" program

Create a file called myhello.c with the following content: 

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
	printf("Hello, World!\n");
	return 0;
}

Export the C (cross-)compiler path: 

$ export CC=~/debian_imx8mq-var-dart_debian_bullseye/toolchain/gcc-linaro-6.3.1-2017.05-x86_64_aarch64-linux-gnu/bin/aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc

Compile: 

$ $CC myhello.c -o myhello

Now you should have an app called myhello, that can be run on your target board.
You can add it to your rootfs image or copy it directly to the rootfs on the board (using scp, for example).



Running X11 Applications via Xwayland

Since Vivante libraries for this release do not support X11 backend, only weston backend is provided, so if you want to run x11 based application
refer to XWayland Example

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This page was last edited on 26 March 2023, at 18:29.

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