Yocto U-Boot 4.1.15 features
- If you manually upgrade U-Boot, and you have an old environment saved, it is a good idea to reset your environment to the new default (see Environment handling commands).
- (There is no need to do that manually if you install U-Boot using our recovery SD card image).
- If you manually upgrade U-Boot, and you have an old environment saved, it is a good idea to reset your environment to the new default (see Environment handling commands).
Notable features:
Splash Screen
A splash screen is enabled by default, and is shown on the LVDS LCD.
To disable the splash screen, enter the following in the U-Boot command line interface:
=> run splashdisable => saveenv && reset
And to re-enable it:
=> run splashenable => saveenv && reset
The splash image is taken from /boot/splash.bmp in the root file system.
Automatic Splash source selection
The splash image will be taken from whichever rootfs that is going to be mounted later at boot. To enable the automatic selection (already enabled by default):
$ setenv splashsourceauto yes $ saveenv
To disable the automatic selection:
$ setenv splashsourceauto no $ setenv splashsource YOUR_SELECTION $ saveenv
YOUR_SELECTION should be one of {sd, emmc, nand} (nand means UBIFS)
Note:
- In case the rootfs is a UBIFS, mounting it in order to load the splash file will add a few seconds to the boot time.
Using your own LCD screen
There is support for the 800x480 LCD screen that Variscite uses.
If you want to add support for a different LCD that is not currently supported, you need to edit the displays[] array in board/variscite/mx6ul_var_dart/mx6ul_var_dart.c in the U-Boot source code, according to your LCD parameters.
USB ports
On the VAR-6ULCustomBoard the micro-USB port is not a fully native OTG - it supports either Client or Host mode (the ID pin is not connected).
In the DART-6UL U-Boot:
USB port 1 (lower type-A receptacle) is defined as USB Host.
USB port 0 (micro USB receptacle / upper type-A receptacle) is defined as USB Client by default.
USB Mass Storage gadget
You can use the board as a USB Mass Storage device:
You will be able to access all the partitions of any block device that is on the board or connected to it, from your host PC - You will see them as /dev/sdXX, just like connecting a regular USB storage to your PC, and you'll be able to mount them, and have full read/write access to them. You can even use it to flash a new U-Boot, re-partition the storage, re-format it, etc.
This is especially useful for updating the internal eMMC.
To do this you need to connect a USB cable between the USB Client port of the board and a regular USB Host port on your PC, and use U-Boot's ums command.
General ums usage is:
ums <USB_controller> [<devtype>] <devnum> e.g. ums 0 mmc 0
devtype defaults to mmc
devtype can be any block device (e.g. mmc, usb)
To mount the eMMC:
=> ums 0 mmc 1
To mount an SD card:
=> ums 0 mmc 0
Depending on your host PC, it may automatically mount it or not. If not, you can use dmesg to see the names of the device and its partitions (it should be in the form of /dev/sdXX) and mount them yourself.
To exit the ums command and disconnect the USB device press ctrl+c.
Note: You should use a Linux PC host as Windows can't naturally read ext file systems.
USB Ethernet Gadget
The USB Ethernet gadget allows you to make the board act as a USB Ethernet device when connecting its USB Client port to a host PC using a USB cable.
Basically, it allows for "Ethernet over USB".
This is especially useful if you build a custom board without an Ethernet interface and you want to boot via network using TFTP.
For this, a new Ethernet interface called usb_ether was added to U-Boot.
Automatic Device Tree selection
Automatic Device Tree selection
General U-Boot commands
List all supported commands and their description/usage (help command)
List all supported commands with a brief description for each one:
=> help
Print the description and usage of 'command':
=> help command
Environment handling commands
Print the values of all environment variables:
=> printenv
Print value of environment variable 'name':
=> printenv name
Set environment variable 'name' to 'value ...':
=> setenv name value ...
Delete environment variable 'name':
=> setenv name
Reset default environment:
=> env default -a
Save environment variables to persistent storage:
=> saveenv
File System access
List files in a directory (default /):
=> ls <interface> [<dev[:part]>] [directory]
For example:
List files in the BOOT partition of our NAND/eMMC Recovery SD card (after booting from it): => ls mmc 0:1
List files in directory /opt/images/Yocto in the rootfs partition of our NAND/eMMC Recovery SD card (after booting from it): => ls mmc 0:2 /opt/images/Yocto
Load binary file 'filename' from a partition to RAM address 'addr':
=> load <interface> [<dev[:part]> [<addr> [<filename> [bytes [pos]]]]]
For example:
Load /boot/splash.bmp from the rootfs partition of our NAND/eMMC Recovery SD card (after booting from it) to RAM address 0x83100000: => load mmc 0:2 0x83100000 /boot/splash.bmp
UBI File System
This is the FS we use on our NAND flash.
UBIFS is very different to any traditional file system - it does not work on top of block devices (like hard drives, MMC/SD cards, USB flash drives, SSDs, etc).
UBIFS was designed to work on top of raw flash.
The usage is a little different than using FAT/ext.
Before you can access the UBIFS you need to mount it first:
=> ubi part rootfs => ubifsmount ubi0:rootfs
Now you can access the UBIFS with the regular commands above.
The <interface> in this case is 'ubi', <dev> can be anything (the value is ignored) and part is not necessary.
For example:
List files in directory /home/root on the mounted UBI file system: => ls ubi 0 /home/root
When finished accessing it, unmount the FS:
=> ubifsumount
USB sub-system
To use the USB as host (connect a USB Storage or Ethernet Device to the board), you need to use the usb command.
Usage:
usb start - start (scan) USB controller
usb reset - reset (rescan) USB controller
usb stop [f] - stop USB [f]=force stop
usb tree - show USB device tree
usb info [dev] - show available USB devices
usb test [dev] [port] [mode] - set USB 2.0 test mode
(specify port 0 to indicate the device's upstream port)
Available modes: J, K, S[E0_NAK], P[acket], F[orce_Enable]
usb storage - show details of USB storage devices
usb dev [dev] - show or set current USB storage device
usb part [dev] - print partition table of one or all USB storage devices
usb read addr blk# cnt - read `cnt' blocks starting at block `blk#'
to memory address `addr'
usb write addr blk# cnt - write `cnt' blocks starting at block `blk#'
from memory address `addr'
First, connect your device to a USB port on the board.
After the device is connected, start the USB controller:
=> usb start
If you connect/disconnect devices after that, before you can access them you need to rescan the USB controller:
=> usb reset
Using a USB Storage Device
Once you connected the device and stated the USB controller, you can now use the regular File System commands mentioned above with it.
The <interface> in this case is 'usb'.
Flashing NAND using U-Boot
Flashing U-Boot to NAND
Assuming you are reading the U-Boot image from our Recovery SD card:
=> mw.b 0x83100000 0xff 0x200000 # Write 0xFF to RAM in order to pad the image and align it to the NAND erase block size => load mmc 0:2 0x83100000 /opt/images/Yocto/u-boot.img-nand # Load the U-Boot image from the SD card to RAM => nand erase 0x200000 0x200000 # Erase the part of the NAND saved for the U-Boot image => nand write 0x83100000 0x200000 0x200000 # Write the U-Boot image from RAM to NAND
Note:
It is not recommended to update U-Boot without also updating SPL accordingly.
SPL can't be flashed to NAND flash using U-Boot - it can only be done using the kobs-ng utility under Linux.
Flashing the Linux kernel to NAND
Assuming you are reading the kernel image from our Recovery SD card:
=> mw.b 0x83100000 0xff 0x7e0000 # Write 0xFF to RAM in order to pad the image and align it to the NAND erase block size => load mmc 0:2 0x83100000 /opt/images/Yocto/zImage # Load the Linux kernel image from the SD card to RAM => nand erase 0x600000 0x7e0000 # Erase the 'kernel' MTD partition => nand write 0x83100000 0x600000 0x7e0000 # Write the Linux kernel image from RAM to MTD partition 'kernel'
Flashing the Linux device tree to NAND
Assuming you are reading the .dtb file from our Recovery SD card:
=> mw.b 0x83100000 0xff 0x20000 # Write 0xFF to RAM in order to pad the image and align it to the NAND erase block size (128KiB) => load mmc 0:2 0x83100000 /opt/images/Yocto/<DEVICE_TREE_FILE> # Load the dtb from the SD card to RAM - Change to the correct .dtb filename for your setup => nand erase 0xde0000 0x20000 # Erase the part of the NAND saved for the device tree => nand write 0x83100000 0xde0000 0x20000 # Write the device tree from RAM to NAND
Flashing UBIFS to NAND
The best way to flash a UBI image is by using ubiformat (which is a part of mtd-utils) under Linux, as it preserves erase counters (our Recovery SD card scripts are using ubiformat).
But if you flash the UBIFS for the first time, then it doesn't matter because there are no erase counters to preserve.
Assuming you are reading the UBI image from our Recovery SD card:
=> load mmc 0:2 0x83100000 /opt/images/Yocto/rootfs.ubi # Load the UBI image from the SD card to RAM => nand erase.part rootfs # Erase the 'rootfs' MTD partition => nand write.trimffs 0x83100000 rootfs $filesize # Write the UBI image from RAM to MTD partition 'rootfs'
Note:
There is another method to do this using U-Boot, that preserves erase counters, using the higher level ubi command, but you need a UBIFS image for it (which Yocto also creates, but we do not put on our Recovery SD card by default):
=> load mmc 0:2 0x83100000 /opt/images/Yocto/rootfs.ubifs # Load the UBIFS image from an SD card to RAM => ubi part rootfs # Set current MTD partition to 'rootfs' => ubi remove rootfs # Remove the 'rootfs' UBI volume (if already exists) => ubi create rootfs # Create a new dynamic UBI volume (read/write) with max size, and name it 'rootfs' => ubi write 0x83100000 rootfs $filesize # Write the volume from RAM