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= Introduction to GStreamer = | = Introduction to GStreamer = |
Revision as of 11:38, 8 September 2019
Introduction to GStreamer
GStreamer is a powerful pipeline-based multimedia framework.
It allows programmers to create a variety of media-handling components, including simple audio playback, audio and video playback, recording, streaming and editing.
This is not a GStreamer reference manual but an overview for using it on the Variscite i.MX8 products.
This release uses the gstreamer-imx set of GStreamer 1.0 plugins for NXP's i.MX platform, which make use of the i.MX multimedia capabilities.
Major GStreamer commands
There are two major commands:
gst-inspect - allows you to to get documentation on available elements and detailed information on a specific element.
gst-launch - allows you to create and execute GStreamer pipelines.
gst-inspect
Lists all available elements:
# gst-inspect-1.0
Lists all available sink elements:
# gst-inspect-1.0 | grep sink
For example:
# gst-inspect-1.0 | grep sink alsa: alsasink: Audio sink (ALSA) waylandsink: waylandsink: wayland video sink shm: shmsink: Shared Memory Sink decklink: decklinkaudiosink: Decklink Audio Sink decklink: decklinkvideosink: Decklink Video Sink ximagesink: ximagesink: Video sink soup: souphttpclientsink: HTTP client sink autodetect: autovideosink: Auto video sink autodetect: autoaudiosink: Auto audio sink gdkpixbuf: gdkpixbufsink: GdkPixbuf sink playback: playsink: Player Sink video4linux2: v4l2sink: Video (video4linux2) Sink fbdevsink: fbdevsink: fbdev video sink tcp: tcpclientsink: TCP client sink tcp: tcpserversink: TCP server sink …
Detailed help information on a specific element:
# gst-inspect-1.0 <name of the element>
For example, the output for waylandsink:
# gst-inspect-1.0 waylandsink Factory Details: Rank primary + 2 (258) Long-name wayland video sink Klass Sink/Video Description Output to wayland surface Author Sreerenj Balachandran <sreerenj.balachandran@intel.com>, George Kiagiadakis <george.kiagiadakis@collabora.com> Plugin Details: Name waylandsink Description Wayland Video Sink Filename /usr/lib/gstreamer-1.0/libgstwaylandsink.so Version 1.14.0 License LGPL Source module gst-plugins-bad Source release date 2018-03-19 Binary package GStreamer Bad Plug-ins source release Origin URL Unknown package origin GObject +----GInitiallyUnowned +----GstObject +----GstElement +----GstBaseSink +----GstVideoSink +----GstWaylandSink Implemented Interfaces: GstVideoOverlay GstWaylandVideo Pad Templates: SINK template: 'sink' Availability: Always Capabilities: video/x-raw format: { (string)BGRx, (string)BGRA, (string)RGBx, (string)xBGR, (string)xRGB, (string)RGBA, (string)ABGR, (string)ARGB, (string)RGB, (string)BGR, (string)RGB16, (string)BGR16, (string)YUY2, (string)YVYU, (string)UYVY, (string)AYUV, (string)NV12, (string)NV21, (string)NV16, (string)YUV9, (string)YVU9, (string)Y41B, (string)I420, (string)YV12, (string)Y42B, (string)v308 } width: [ 1, 2147483647 ] height: [ 1, 2147483647 ] framerate: [ 0/1, 2147483647/1 ] video/x-raw(memory:DMABuf) format: { (string)BGRx, (string)BGRA, (string)RGBx, (string)xBGR, (string)xRGB, (string)RGBA, (string)ABGR, (string)ARGB, (string)RGB, (string)BGR, (string)RGB16, (string)BGR16, (string)YUY2, (string)YVYU, (string)UYVY, (string)AYUV, (string)NV12, (string)NV21, (string)NV16, (string)YUV9, (string)YVU9, (string)Y41B, (string)I420, (string)YV12, (string)Y42B, (string)v308 } width: [ 1, 2147483647 ] height: [ 1, 2147483647 ] framerate: [ 0/1, 2147483647/1 ] Element has no clocking capabilities. Element has no URI handling capabilities. Pads: SINK: 'sink' Pad Template: 'sink' Element Properties: name : The name of the object flags: readable, writable String. Default: "waylandsink0" parent : The parent of the object flags: readable, writable Object of type "GstObject" sync : Sync on the clock flags: readable, writable Boolean. Default: true max-lateness : Maximum number of nanoseconds that a buffer can be late before it is dropped (-1 unlimited) flags: readable, writable Integer64. Range: -1 - 9223372036854775807 Default: 20000000 qos : Generate Quality-of-Service events upstream flags: readable, writable Boolean. Default: true async : Go asynchronously to PAUSED flags: readable, writable Boolean. Default: true ts-offset : Timestamp offset in nanoseconds flags: readable, writable Integer64. Range: -9223372036854775808 - 9223372036854775807 Default: 0 enable-last-sample : Enable the last-sample property flags: readable, writable Boolean. Default: true last-sample : The last sample received in the sink flags: readable Boxed pointer of type "GstSample" blocksize : Size in bytes to pull per buffer (0 = default) flags: readable, writable Unsigned Integer. Range: 0 - 4294967295 Default: 4096 render-delay : Additional render delay of the sink in nanoseconds flags: readable, writable Unsigned Integer64. Range: 0 - 18446744073709551615 Default: 0 throttle-time : The time to keep between rendered buffers (0 = disabled) flags: readable, writable Unsigned Integer64. Range: 0 - 18446744073709551615 Default: 0 max-bitrate : The maximum bits per second to render (0 = disabled) flags: readable, writable Unsigned Integer64. Range: 0 - 18446744073709551615 Default: 0 show-preroll-frame : Whether to render video frames during preroll flags: readable, writable Boolean. Default: true window-width : Wayland sink preferred window width in pixel flags: readable, writable Integer. Range: -1 - 2147483647 Default: -1 window-height : Wayland sink preferred window height in pixel flags: readable, writable Integer. Range: -1 - 2147483647 Default: -1 display : Wayland display name to connect to, if not supplied via the GstContext flags: readable, writable String. Default: null alpha : Wayland surface alpha value, apply custom alpha value to wayland surface flags: readable, writable Float. Range: 0 - 1 Default: 0 enable-tile : When enabled, the sink propose VSI tile modifier to VPU flags: readable, writable Boolean. Default: false
The i.MX8M VPU video decoder element
# gst-inspect-1.0 vpudec Factory Details: Rank primary + 1 (257) Long-name VPU-based video decoder Klass Codec/Decoder/Video Description Decode compressed video to raw data Author Multimedia Team <shmmmw@freescale.com> Plugin Details: Name vpu.imx Description VPU video codec Filename /usr/lib/gstreamer-1.0/libgstvpu.so Version 4.3.4 License LGPL Source module imx-gst1.0-plugin Binary package Freescle Gstreamer Multimedia Plugins Origin URL http://www.freescale.com GObject +----GInitiallyUnowned +----GstObject +----GstElement +----GstVideoDecoder +----GstVpuDec Pad Templates: SINK template: 'sink' Availability: Always Capabilities: video/x-h265 video/x-vp9 video/x-vp8 video/x-vp6-flash video/x-h264 video/mpeg systemstream: false mpegversion: { (int)1, (int)2 } video/mpeg mpegversion: 4 video/x-h263 video/x-flash-video flvversion: 1 video/x-divx divxversion: 3 video/x-divx divxversion: 4 video/x-divx divxversion: { (int)5, (int)6 } video/x-xvid video/x-cavs video/x-wmv wmvversion: 3 format: WMV3 video/x-wmv wmvversion: 3 format: WVC1 video/x-pn-realvideo image/jpeg image/webp SRC template: 'src' Availability: Always Capabilities: video/x-raw format: { (string)NV12, (string)I420, (string)YV12, (string)Y42B, (string)NV16, (string)Y444, (string)NV24, (string)NV12_10LE } width: [ 1, 2147483647 ] height: [ 1, 2147483647 ] framerate: [ 0/1, 2147483647/1 ] Element Flags: no flags set Element Implementation: Has change_state() function: gst_video_decoder_change_state Element has no clocking capabilities. Element has no URI handling capabilities. Pads: SINK: 'sink' Pad Template: 'sink' SRC: 'src' Pad Template: 'src' Element Properties: name : The name of the object flags: readable, writable String. Default: "vpudec0" parent : The parent of the object flags: readable, writable Object of type "GstObject" output-format : set raw video format for output (Y42B NV16 Y444 NV24 only for MJPEG) flags: readable, writable Enum "GstVpuDecOutputFormat" Default: 0, "auto" (0): auto - enable chroma interleave. (default) (1): NV12 - NV12 format (2): I420 - I420 format (3): YV12 - YV12 format (4): Y42B - Y42B format (5): NV16 - NV16 format (6): Y444 - Y444 format (7): NV24 - NV24 format frame-drop : enable adaptive frame drop for smoothly playback flags: readable, writable Boolean. Default: true frame-plus : set number of addtional frames for smoothly playback flags: readable, writable Unsigned Integer. Range: 0 - 16 Default: 3 use-vpu-memory : use vpu allocate video frame buffer flags: readable, writable Boolean. Default: true
Test Pattern Stream
Test pattern allows you to display pre-built image/video patterns on the display. It is very useful when you don't have a camera but still want to test GStreamer.
Default test pattern:
# gst-launch-1.0 videotestsrc ! autovideosink
Test pattern with specific parameters on the input element:
# gst-launch-1.0 videotestsrc pattern=circular ! autovideosink
Camera Loopback
Stream video from a camera to a display:
# gst-launch-1.0 v4l2src device=/dev/video0 ! autovideosink
Video Recording
Example of encoding and saving a short video stream from a camera to an MJPEG-encoded AVI file:
# gst-launch-1.0 v4l2src device=/dev/video0 num-buffers=100 ! video/x-raw,width=1920,height=1080 ! jpegenc ! avimux ! filesink location=./test_jpeg.avi
Video Playback
The i.MX8M can decode and playback HEVC(H.265), VP9, etc. encoded videos with HDR at resolutions of up to 4Kp60 UHD (3840×2160p @ 60fps) using its internal hardware Video Processing Unit (VPU).
See the sink pad capabilities in the vpudec element details for the complete list of codecs supported by the i.MX8M VPU decoder.
Example of a video file playback using the playbin element (making use of the i.MX8M VPU decoder):
# gst-launch-1.0 playbin uri=file:/run/media/sda1/big_buck_bunny.mp4
Example of a video file playback while explicitly specifying a pipeline (making use of the i.MX8M VPU decoder):
# gst-launch-1.0 filesrc location=/run/media/sda1/big_buck_bunny.mp4 typefind=true ! video/quicktime ! aiurdemux ! queue max-size-time=0 ! vpudec ! autovideosink
RTP Video streaming
Encode video stream from camera using a software based JPEG encoder and stream it over RTP:
# gst-launch-1.0 v4l2src device=/dev/video0 ! video/x-raw,width=1280,height=720 ! jpegenc ! rtpjpegpay ! udpsink host=192.168.20.60 port=1223
References
- The GStreamer website
- NXP BSP Linux Users Guide, Multimedia section download link